For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 57%wt. When an external catalyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].DCL process concepts have been based on a variety of ...
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oaltoliquids (TL) technology enables conversion of abundant coal into valuable liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Methods include indirect conversion (coal to syngas, which can be converted to liquid hydrocarbons) or direct conversion (by various direct coal liquefaction methods).
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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The results showed the price of coal had a more dominant effect on RSP than that of biomass. Different mix ratios and conversion rates led to RSP ranging from /bbl. LCA results indicated that GHG emissions ranged from kg CO2 eq to kg CO 2 eq/1000 MJ of liquid fuel at various biomass to coal mix ratios and ...
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Coal Liquefaction Technology and Status ... Coal Conversion Processes Carbonization and Pyrolysis Low severity (mild gasification) High temperature Direct Liquefaction ... Shenhua DCL Process ; Miller EIA 2007 03/28/07 Department of Energy ; 15 ;
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The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for catalytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 catalyst ...
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Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Source: Headwaters. Click to enlarge. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a singlesource solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. The two companies will combine their technologies and...
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a suitable way of producing synthetic fuels from lowrank coals, especially when the wastederived materials are coprocessed during the process.
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Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In many processes, the solvent used can facilitate the heat and mass transfer during chemical reactions, and function as a ...
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As the cost of production is a key determinant of longterm viability, developing methods that reduce the cost of direct coal liquefaction has posed a challenge to scientists and industrial organizations worldwide. This paper summarizes recent developments in technology and processes and explores the overall economic competitiveness of direct coal liquefaction using the China Shenhua Group ...
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Since direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was invented, it has been a promising technology for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the mitigation of the oil crisis. ... on coal and biomass structure and examines the matching relationship between hydrothermal pretreatment and the thermal conversion process. The relationships between ...
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There remains an important need for economical coal and biomass to liquids conversion processes with reduced carbon dioxide emissions and efficient use of carbon resources. ... 1—CO 2 carbon capture and conversion to a biological material such as algae; 2—direct coal liquefaction (DCL); 3—indirect conversion of biomass and/or coal to ...
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To improve the performance of megaton direct coal liquefaction (DCL) technology that has been practiced in China since 2008 and to develop a better technology that can be operated at milder conditions with high efficiency, this work studies coal conversion (X C), products yield (Y i) and hydrogen consumption (R H) of SW coal (H/C = ) used in the megaton plant and NMH coal of a higher H/C ...
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a promising technology to convert coal into oil, especially for countries where coals dominate fossil energy resources [1]. ... Coal utilization processes and their application to waste recycling and biomass conversion. Fuel (1994) Wang et al. ... were prepared by a solidstate insitu impregnation and ...
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Coal. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) are the two prominent processes for coaltomethanol conversion. DCL primarily involves thermal breaking of the polymeric coal structure at elevated temperatures with subsequent hydrogenation of the fragments to generate lighter molecules.
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catalyst in the DCL of Shenhua coal at 400 °C. and MPa H. 2. resulted in a coal conversion and (gas + oil) yield, up to % and %, respectively, much higher than those obtained with FeS ...
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Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion C. B. Clifford Chunshan Song Chemistry 2011 Abstract: This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated,. Expand 4
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Pyrolysis is one of the prospective processes that can be utilized to obtain high value chemicals and energy from coal and biomass. Coalbiomass copyrolysis presents a green, lowrisk, cheap ...
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The DCL process involves adding hydrogen (hydrogenation) to the coal, breaking down its organic structure into soluble products. The reaction is carried out at elevated temperature and pressure (, 750 to 850°F and 1,000 to 2,500 psia) in the presence of a solvent. The solvent is used to facilitate coal extraction and the addition of hydrogen.
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A mechanistic numerical model for coal liquefaction involving hydrogenolysis of strong bonds. Rationalization of interactive effects of solvent aromaticity and hydrogen pressure ... Hydrogen Transfer in the Formation and Destruction of Retrograde Products in Coal Conversion. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2006, 110 (21) ... (DCL) processes ...
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With appropriate product upgrading, synthetic fuels produced from the DCL process can be directly used in the current motor engines. However, similar to other coal liquefaction processes, the DCL process has not been widely commercialized mainly because of economic uncertainty, high CO 2 emission, and high capital cost [1], [2].
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In this process, coal with moderate amount of biomass is converted into syncrude through reaction with Hdonor solvent and gaseous hydrogen in a catalytic twostage liquefaction unit.
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When considering the development of coal liquefaction process using syngas, in addition to the above typical processes, hydrothermal liquefaction process is a technology worthy of reference. Hydrothermal liquefaction [110], [111], [112] is an effective and emerging technology that can convert both coals and biomass containing high moisture ...
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In the DCL technology, coal is converted to liquid by adding hydrogen at high pressure and temperature. Various DCL technologies have been developed in last hundred years such as Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)I and SRCII, Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS), HCoal and catalytic twostage liquefaction (CTSL) [7], [8], [9], [10].
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The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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Various metal compounds have been used to catalyze the process. This type of CTL technology is called direct coal liquefaction (DCL). DCL technology involves making a partially refined synthetic crude oil directly from coal, which is then further refined into synthetic gasoline and diesel as well as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
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This article is cited by 42 publications. Tengfei Yang, Congcong Liu, Wenan Deng, Chuan Li, Liyong Gan, Qingshan Niu. Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an OilSoluble NiFe Catalyst Applied in the Coliquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue.
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